{"id":368,"date":"2016-02-10T06:52:00","date_gmt":"2016-02-10T06:52:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.gmass.co\/blog\/?p=368"},"modified":"2016-02-10T06:52:00","modified_gmt":"2018-07-11T06:18:10","slug":"just-squashed-a-rare-bug-involving-garbled-characters-in-gmail-email-marketing-campaigns","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gmass.co\/blog\/just-squashed-a-rare-bug-involving-garbled-characters-in-gmail-email-marketing-campaigns\/","title":{"rendered":"Just squashed a rare bug involving garbled characters in Gmail email marketing campaigns"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Over the last month, a small number of users have reported garbled characters appearing in their Gmail mail merge campaigns with GMass. In most cases they reported characters like &#8220;\u00c2&#8221; appearing randomly throughout the text of the email that is sent after clicking the GMass button. The issue tended to surface in emails containing non-English characters.<\/p>\n<div style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-XmGQ1kWViL4\/VrrlCZwwNAI\/AAAAAAAAAzM\/Si7Q0ujgzEc\/s1600\/GMassGarbledCharacters-web.png\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-0\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" height=\"86\" src=\"https:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-XmGQ1kWViL4\/VrrlCZwwNAI\/AAAAAAAAAzM\/Si7Q0ujgzEc\/s640\/GMassGarbledCharacters-web.png\" width=\"640\" \/><\/a><b>[Example of an email with garbled characters]<\/b><\/div>\n<p>I&#8217;ve been wanting to get to the bottom of the issue for a while, but I couldn&#8217;t because I couldn&#8217;t actually reproduce the issue myself&#8230;until tonight.<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/null\" name=\"cAcirc\" style=\"background-color: white;\"><br \/><\/a><span style=\"background-color: white;\">Earlier today, I conducted a screen share session with a user that had experienced the bug and she was able to walk me through the steps to reproduce the bug. After capturing some data, and spending all evening investigating, I finally figured out the cause and solved the problem.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"background-color: white;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"background-color: white;\">The problem only surfaced if the To field of a Gmail Draft contained an email address that contained a foreign character. The mere presence of a foreign character in a single email address would cause all individual emails sent to all recipients of the campaign to receive a message with garbled characters. Even if a test message was sent to just one test address containing non-foreign characters using the &#8220;Send Test Email&#8221; feature, that test would also contain garbled characters, because the To field contained an address with foreign characters when the &#8220;Send Test Email&#8221; button was clicked.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"background-color: white;\"><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-y8en8Ca3pic\/VrrlUGXhAaI\/AAAAAAAAAzQ\/KQ3pbS9TVTA\/s1600\/GMassSpanishGarbled-web.png\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-1\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-y8en8Ca3pic\/VrrlUGXhAaI\/AAAAAAAAAzQ\/KQ3pbS9TVTA\/s640\/GMassSpanishGarbled-web.png\" width=\"634\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"background-color: white;\"><b>[Example of an email with an address in the To field containing an illegal foreign character]<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: white;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"background-color: white;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"background-color: white;\">For the technical types, the issue was related to the way Gmail encodes email messages in certain situations. While the standard encoding for both the HTML and Plain Text MIME parts of a Gmail Draft are encoded as quoted-printable, if an email address in the To field contains a foreign character, then the encoding of both MIME parts becomes &#8220;8bit&#8221; instead of &#8220;quoted-printable&#8221;.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"background-color: white;\"><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-e_aDawyitMc\/VrrlmT8T1lI\/AAAAAAAAAzU\/uehvjwSj4yo\/s1600\/Gmail8bitGarbled-web.png\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-2\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" height=\"212\" src=\"https:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-e_aDawyitMc\/VrrlmT8T1lI\/AAAAAAAAAzU\/uehvjwSj4yo\/s640\/Gmail8bitGarbled-web.png\" width=\"640\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"background-color: white;\"><b>[The encoding changes to 8bit, and previously Chinese characters would be garbled]<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"background-color: white;\"><b><br \/><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-rLPEg4ak8cw\/Vrrl1-bUTEI\/AAAAAAAAAzc\/xwbT8LW3e6s\/s1600\/Gmail8bitProper-web.png\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-3\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" height=\"220\" src=\"https:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-rLPEg4ak8cw\/Vrrl1-bUTEI\/AAAAAAAAAzc\/xwbT8LW3e6s\/s640\/Gmail8bitProper-web.png\" width=\"640\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"background-color: white;\"><b>[Now Chinese characters are handled properly in the 8bit format]<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: white;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"background-color: white;\">This single anomaly threw off the GMass code that disassembles a message to add open and click tracking and then reassembles it for sending. The reassemby wasn&#8217;t able to output all characters in the necessary &#8220;8bit&#8221; encoding format.&nbsp;<\/span><br \/><span style=\"background-color: white;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"background-color: white;\">The fix was to modify how the final message is outputted so that &#8220;8bit&#8221; encoding is handled properly. This required writing to a memory stream instead of a string. I&#8217;m happy to share more details with any interested parties &#8212; just get in touch.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Over the last month, a small number of users have reported garbled characters appearing in their Gmail mail merge campaigns with GMass. In most cases they reported characters\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4260],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-368","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bugs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\r\n<title>Just squashed a rare bug involving garbled characters in Gmail email marketing campaigns<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gmass.co\/blog\/just-squashed-a-rare-bug-involving-garbled-characters-in-gmail-email-marketing-campaigns\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Just squashed a rare bug involving garbled characters in Gmail email marketing campaigns\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Over the last month, a small number of users have reported garbled characters appearing in their Gmail mail merge campaigns with GMass. In most cases they reported characters\u2026\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.gmass.co\/blog\/just-squashed-a-rare-bug-involving-garbled-characters-in-gmail-email-marketing-campaigns\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"GMass Blog\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/GmailMailMerge\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-02-10T06:52:00+00:00\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-07-11T06:18:10+00:00\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-XmGQ1kWViL4\/VrrlCZwwNAI\/AAAAAAAAAzM\/Si7Q0ujgzEc\/s640\/GMassGarbledCharacters-web.png\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ajay Goel\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@PartTimeSnob\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@GMassForGmail\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" 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